Primary vs secondary
Primary = original (study, dataset, filing); secondary = reporting on it. Prefer primary for claims.
Cite the primary source, not an article summarizing it.
Peer-reviewed
Vetted by experts before publication. The bar for scientific claims.
Use peer-reviewed studies where they exist.
Preprint
Posted before peer review, fast but unvetted. Useful, but flag the caveat.
If it's a preprint, label it as not yet peer-reviewed.
Authoritative / primary org
The body that owns the data (a statistics agency, regulator, the company itself).
Pull the number from the issuing agency, not a blog.
Corroboration
An independent second source confirming a claim. One source is a lead, not a fact.
Flag any claim with only one source, find corroboration.
Recency & provenance
When it was published and where it came from. Old or anonymous = lower trust.
Note each source's date and publisher beside the claim.
Conflict of interest
Who funded or benefits from a finding. Affects how much weight it carries.
Flag any funding or conflict of interest behind a study.
Citation
A traceable link or reference so you can verify it yourself.
Give inline citations with links for every factual claim.